The Back-to-the-Land Movement and the Politics of Localism in Appalachia, 1968-2000
The late 1960s found young, middle-class, white Americans embracing localism to escape federal bureaucracies and an increasingly impersonal society. The “back-to-the-landers” took this one step further by moving to rural areas, including Appalachia, in pursuit of self-reliance, liberation, and community. They championed agrarian decentralization, a vision of reform based on self-provisioning, neighborly reciprocity, and small-scale manufacturing. And they shared an interest in preserving folkways and certain social conventions and in protecting their farming communities against the threat of surface coal mining. Although localism seemed to be the solution for democratizing these communities, a conservative political shift scaling back federal regulation instead placed power in the hands of a new local and state political elite that did not share their values, leaving these agrarian communities more vulnerable to the threat of surface mining.
List of Figures
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Decentralist Fever
Chapter 1 – Appalachian Localism and the Back-to-the-Land Movement
Chapter 2 – Going “Guerilla” in the War on Poverty
Chapter 3 – From Heathcote to Hamlin
Chapter 4 – Appalachia’s Heirs
Chapter 5 – Trust in the Hills
Chapter 6 – Hooray for the Outsiders!
Chapter 7 – Our Struggle Is a Barometer
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index
“Starting in 1968 and snowballing in the early 1979s, hundreds of young back-to-the land enthusiasts settled in central Lincoln County, West Virginia. Local elders welcomed them warmly and integrated them into the area’s cashless networks of bartering and borrowing. Meanwhile, however, strip-mining companies had very different plans for central Lincoln County, W.Va., culminating by the late 1980s with high-stakes public hearings at local high school gymnasiums, and with anonymous death threats telephoned to the young ‘newcomers’ in the middle of many nights.”
—Paul Salstrom, author of Appalachia’s Alternative to Mainstream America
“A fascinating read on a subject of vital historical importance—and one that has much to say about our contemporary political difficulties. It weaves together the story of rising regional consciousness in the Appalachians with the rising anti-urbanism of the 1960s. I know of no other work that so successfully places back-to-the-landers of this generation within the context of broad mainstream social currents."
—Dona Brown, author of Back to the Land: The Enduring Dream of Self-Sufficiency in Modern America
